Stacks, Queues, and Linked Lists: Conquer Data Structure Basics!

Efficiently Storing Data with Stacks, Queues, and Linked Lists:-

Stacks, queues, and linked lists are essential data structures for efficient storage and retrieval of data. A stack is a data structure in which elements are added and removed from the same end, the top. Items are added to the top of the stack in a Last In First Out (LIFO) manner, which means that the last item added will be the first item removed. Stacks are typically used to store temporary data or to reverse the order of elements in a list.

A queue is a data structure in which elements are added and removed from opposite ends, the front and the rear. Items are added to the rear of the queue in a First In First Out (FIFO) manner, which means that the first item added will be the first item removed. Queues are typically used to store data that needs to be processed in the order in which it was received.

A linked list is a data structure in which each element is linked to the next element in the list. This allows for efficient addition and removal of elements from any point in the list. Linked lists can be used to store data that needs to be accessed quickly or in a specific order.

Stacks, queues, and linked lists are all important data structures that are used to store and access data efficiently. Stacks are used to store temporary data and to reverse the order of elements in a list. Queues are used to store data that needs to be processed in the order in which it was received. Linked lists are used to store data that needs to be accessed quickly or in a specific order. All three data structures can be used to efficiently store and access data.

Stacks: A stack is a data structure that follows Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) order. This means that the last item to be added to the stack will be the first item to be removed. A stack can be implemented using an array or a linked list. Example: We have a stack of books. The last book we added to the stack is on the top. If we wanted to remove a book, we would take the top book off the stack. The second book we added will now be the top book on the stack.

#include <iostream> #include <stack> using namespace std; int main() { stack<int> mystack; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) mystack.push(i); cout << "Popping out elements..."; while (!mystack.empty()) { cout << ' ' << mystack.top(); mystack.pop(); } cout << endl; return 0; }

Queues: A queue is a data structure that follows First-In-First-Out (FIFO) order. This means that the first item to be added to the queue will be the first item to be removed. A queue can be implemented using an array or a linked list. Example: We have a line of people waiting for tickets to a concert. The first person in line will be the first person to get a ticket. If we wanted to remove a person from the line, we would take the first person in line out of the queue. The second person in line will now be the first person in line.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

// A structure to represent a queue 
struct Queue 
{ 
    int front, rear, size; 
    unsigned capacity; 
    int* array; 
}; 
  
// function to create a queue of given capacity.  
// It initializes size of queue as 0 
struct Queue* createQueue(unsigned capacity) 
{ 
    struct Queue* queue = (struct Queue*) malloc(sizeof(struct Queue)); 
    queue->capacity = capacity; 
    queue->front = queue->size = 0;  
    queue->rear = capacity - 1;  // This is important, see the enqueue 
    queue->array = (int*) malloc(queue->capacity * sizeof(int)); 
    return queue; 
} 

Linked Lists: A linked list is a data structure that consists of nodes that contain data and a pointer to the next node. This means that the data is not stored in contiguous memory locations like an array, but instead each node is linked to the next node in the list. Example: We have a list of people who have RSVP'd to a party. Each person is represented by a node that contains their name and a pointer to the next node in the list. If we wanted to add a person to the list, we would create a new node and link it to the last node in the list. If we wanted to remove a person from the list, we would simply remove the node and link the previous node to the next node.

/ Driver code
int main()
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node *start = NULL;

    // Insert 6.  So linked list becomes 6->NULL
    insertAtEnd(&start, 6);

    // Insert 7 at the beginning. So linked list becomes 7->6->NULL
    insertAtBeginning(&start, 7);

    // Insert 1 at the beginning. So linked list becomes 1->7->6->NULL
    insertAtBeginning(&start, 1);

    // Insert 4 at the end. So linked list becomes 1->7->6->4->NULL
    insertAtEnd(&start, 4);

    // Insert 8, after 7. So linked list becomes 1->7->8->6->4->NULL
    insertAfter(start->next, 8);

    printf("\n Created Linked List: ");
    printList(start);

    return 0;
}

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