What are React hooks, and how are they used to manage state and lifecycle events?

React hook:

React Hooks are functions in React that let you use state and other React features without writing a class component. They were introduced in React 16.8 to make it easier to reuse stateful logic between components.

There are two types of React Hooks:

1. State Hooks: They allow functional components to have state, which was previously only available in class components. useState is the most commonly used state hook. It takes an initial state value and returns an array containing the current state and a function to update the state.

For example, the following code shows how to use useState hook to manage a counter: 

import { useState } from 'react';

function Counter() {

  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  function handleClick() {

    setCount(count + 1);

  }

  return (

    <div>

      <p>You clicked {count} times</p>

      <button onClick={handleClick}>Click me</button>

    </div>

  );

}

2. Effect Hooks: They allow you to perform side effects in functional components. useEffect is the most commonly used effect hook. It lets you run a function after every render or when certain dependencies change.

For example, the following code shows how to use useEffect hook to fetch data from an API:

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';


function MyComponent() {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);


  useEffect(() => {
    async function fetchData() {
      const response = await fetch('https://example.com/data');
      const data = await response.json();
      setData(data);
    }
    fetchData();
  }, []);


  return (
    <div>
      {data && <p>{data}</p>}
    </div>
  );
}

In the above example, useEffect is used to fetch data from an API, and the data is stored in state using useState. The empty dependency array [] means that the effect should only run once when the component mounts.

React Hooks simplify state management and lifecycle events in functional components, making them more concise and easier to read.

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